Swedish APA referencing (SHH)

Build correct Swedish APA 7 reference lists and in-text citations for academic coursework, with the Sophiahemmet Högskola (SHH) deviations. Swedish source language uses I / Red. / s.; English sources use In / Ed. / p. — match the language of the source.

Steps

1. Read references/APA-SHH-quickref.md first. It is the operative quick reference for every rule below.

2. Determine the source type and language, then build the entry:

   • Article: Efternamn, N. N. (År). Titel. Tidskrift, volym(nummer), s-ss. https://doi.org/…
   • Book: Efternamn, N. N. (År). Titel: Undertitel (x. uppl.). Förlag. (edition from 2nd ed. onward)
   • Chapter in anthology: Författare. (År). Kapiteltitel. I I. Redaktör (Red.), Bokens titel (x. uppl., s. xx-xxx). Förlag.
   • Law: SFS 2017:30. Hälso- och sjukvårdslag.
   • ICN code: International Council of Nurses. (2021). ICN:s etiska kod för sjuksköterskor (Rev. utg.). Svensk sjuksköterskeförening.
   • Web page (non-PDF): add Hämtad datum, från URL; PDFs get the URL only, no Hämtad date.

3. Apply the SHH deviations (these differ from plain APA 7 and are the common fail points):

   • Page ranges use a hyphen, not an en dash: s. 707-745
   • No serial comma before & in editor lists: A. Ehrenberg & L. Wallin
   • No a.a./ibid. anywhere
   • Laws and public documents: chronological order among the same type
   • Hanging indent optional; left-aligned is fine, be consistent

4. In-text citations: 1-2 authors written out, 3+ as et al.; & inside parentheses, och in running text. Page numbers mandatory for quotes, recommended otherwise: (Arlebrink, 2019, s. 32). Laws: (SFS 2017:30, 5 kap. 1 §).

5. Secondary source: cite only the source you actually read. In-text: (Eriksson, 1989/1984, refererat i Willman, 2022, s. 203). Reference list: only Willman (2022).

6. Verify: every in-text citation matches a list entry by same lead author + year, and vice versa; alphabetical order (nothing before something: Löf < Löfgren < Lööf); same author+year → 2019a/2019b suffixes in both text and list; no fabricated references.

Pitfalls

• SHH courses require references for every claim, including reflections, with exact page numbers; avoid broad page ranges for specific definitions.
• Slides: no in-text references at all, reference list only (per SHH assignment formalia for presentations).
• Course AI policies may restrict AI use to language checking only; always check before drafting for a student.
• The full detailed guide with examples lives in references/shh-apa-full.md; consult it for edge cases (21+ authors, block quotes, personal communication, advance online publication).

Provenance

Derived from Sophiahemmet Högskola's APA guide (2026), processed for agent use. Quickref and full guide authored in-workspace 2026-08-24. Verified against course feedback on SHH assignments.